uv命令¶

GitHub: https://github.com/astral-sh/uv
文档: https://docs.astral.sh/uv/

备注

🚀 A single tool to replace pip, pip-tools, pipx, poetry, pyenv, virtualenv, and more.

An extremely fast Python package and project manager, written in Rust.

Project management¶

uv manages project dependencies and environments, with support for lockfiles, workspaces, and more, similar to rye or poetry:

$ uv init example
Initialized project `example` at `/home/user/example`

$ cd example

$ uv add ruff
Creating virtual environment at: .venv
Resolved 2 packages in 170ms
   Built example @ file:///home/user/example
Prepared 2 packages in 627ms
Installed 2 packages in 1ms
 + example==0.1.0 (from file:///home/user/example)
 + ruff==0.5.4

$ uv run ruff check
All checks passed!

Tool management¶

uv executes and installs command-line tools provided by Python packages, similar to pipx.

Run a tool in an ephemeral environment using uvx (an alias for uv tool run):

$ uvx pycowsay 'hello world!'
Resolved 1 package in 167ms
Installed 1 package in 9ms
 + pycowsay==0.0.0.2
  """

  ------------
< hello world! >
  ------------
   \   ^__^
    \  (oo)\_______
       (__)\       )\/\
           ||----w |
           ||     ||

Install a tool with uv tool install:

$ uv tool install ruff
Resolved 1 package in 6ms
Installed 1 package in 2ms
 + ruff==0.5.4
Installed 1 executable: ruff

$ ruff --version
ruff 0.5.4

Python management¶

uv installs Python and allows quickly switching between versions.

Install multiple Python versions:

$ uv python install 3.10 3.11 3.12
Searching for Python versions matching: Python 3.10
Searching for Python versions matching: Python 3.11
Searching for Python versions matching: Python 3.12
Installed 3 versions in 3.42s
 + cpython-3.10.14-macos-aarch64-none
 + cpython-3.11.9-macos-aarch64-none
 + cpython-3.12.4-macos-aarch64-none

Download Python versions as needed:

$ uv venv --python 3.12.0
Using Python 3.12.0
Creating virtual environment at: .venv
Activate with: source .venv/bin/activate

$ uv run --python pypy@3.8 -- python --version
Python 3.8.16 (a9dbdca6fc3286b0addd2240f11d97d8e8de187a, Dec 29 2022, 11:45:30)
[PyPy 7.3.11 with GCC Apple LLVM 13.1.6 (clang-1316.0.21.2.5)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>>

Use a specific Python version in the current directory:

$ uv python pin pypy@3.11
Pinned `.python-version` to `pypy@3.11`

Script support¶

uv manages dependencies and environments for single-file scripts.

Create a new script and add inline metadata declaring its dependencies:

$ echo 'import requests; print(requests.get("https://astral.sh"))' > example.py

$ uv add --script example.py requests
Updated `example.py`

$ cat example.py
# /// script
# requires-python = ">=3.12"
# dependencies = [
#     "requests",
# ]
# ///
import requests; print(requests.get("https://astral.sh"))

Then, run the script in an isolated virtual environment:

$ uv run example.py
Reading inline script metadata from: example.py
Installed 5 packages in 12ms
<Response [200]>

A pip-compatible interface¶

uv provides a drop-in replacement for common pip, pip-tools, and virtualenv commands.

Compile requirements into a platform-independent requirements file:

$ uv pip compile docs/requirements.in \
   --universal \
   --output-file docs/requirements.txt
Resolved 43 packages in 12ms

Create a virtual environment:

$ uv venv
Using Python 3.12.3
Creating virtual environment at: .venv
Activate with: source .venv/bin/activate

Install the locked requirements:

$ uv pip sync docs/requirements.txt
Resolved 43 packages in 11ms
Installed 43 packages in 208ms
 + babel==2.15.0
 + black==24.4.2
 + certifi==2024.7.4
 ...