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10.3.3. ruby使用

puts <str>
print <str>

<str>.chop
<str>.gsub

ruby注释:

# <comment>

=begin
<comment>
=end

a = %w{ ant bee cat dog elk }

instSection = {
  'cello'     => 'string',
  'clarinet'  => 'woodwind'
}

控制结构:

if count > 10
  puts "Try again"
elsif tries == 3
  puts "You lose"
else
  puts "Enter a number"
end


// while与if都有简写形式
while numPallets <= 30
  numPallets += 1
end

if radiation > 3000
  puts "Danger, Will Robinson"
end
//等同于
puts "Danger, Will Robinson" if radiation > 3000

case语句:

ruby> i=8
ruby> case i
  | when 1, 2..5
  |   puts "1..5"
  | when 6..10
  |   puts "6..10"
  | end
6..10
  nil

for语句:

ruby> for num in (4..6)
  |    puts num
  | end

loop语句:

loop do
   <do something> unless gordon.isrich?
   break if gordon.isrich?
end

Array语句:

[]    # 同Array.new
a=[1, 2, 3]   # 下面每次a的值改变后,默认于还原回来

a << "gordon"      # a=[1, 2, 3, "gordon"]
a.push("gordon")   # 同上

a.map {|i| i + 1 }  # a=[2, 3, 4]   (transforming arrays)
a.select {|number| number % 2 == 0}   # 返回值[2],  a=[2, 4, 6] (filtering arrays)
a.delete(3)     # 返回值3, a=[1, 2]
a.delete_if{ |x| x<3}  # a=[3]

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