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环境准备

Basic Commands

$ lspci | grep VGA      # identify and list the GPUs in your system



nvidia-smi      # NVIDIA System Management Interface

sudo lshw -C display    # provide detailed information about the display controllers including graphics cards.

inxi -G                 # information about the graphics subsystem, including details about the GPU and the display.

sudo hwinfo --gfxcard   # obtain detailed information about the graphics cards

示例1

lspci | grep VGA:

00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Cirrus Logic GD 5446

sudo lshw -C display:

*-display:0
   description: VGA compatible controller
   product: GD 5446
   vendor: Cirrus Logic
   physical id: 2
   bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
   logical name: /dev/fb0
   version: 00
   width: 32 bits
   clock: 33MHz
   capabilities: vga_controller rom fb
   configuration: depth=16 driver=cirrus latency=0 resolution=1024,768
   resources: irq:0 memory:fa000000-fbffffff memory:fe424000-fe424fff memory:c0000-dffff
*-display:1
   description: 3D controller
   product: GV100GL [Tesla V100 SXM2 32GB]
   vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
   physical id: 9
   bus info: pci@0000:00:09.0
   version: a1
   width: 64 bits
   clock: 33MHz
   capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list
   configuration: driver=nvidia latency=0
   resources: iomemory:100-ff iomemory:180-17f irq:34 memory:fd000000-fdffffff memory:1000000000-17ffffffff memory:1800000000-1801ffffff

nvidia-smi:

Thu Feb 29 19:54:59 2024
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 520.61.05    Driver Version: 520.61.05    CUDA Version: 11.8     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                               |                      |               MIG M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  Tesla V100-SXM2...  On   | 00000000:00:09.0 Off |                    0 |
| N/A   41C    P0    37W / 300W |   4792MiB / 32768MiB |      0%      Default |
|                               |                      |                  N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                  |
|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                  GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                   Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|    0   N/A  N/A      7562      C   python                            884MiB |
|    0   N/A  N/A   1425768      C   ./main                            836MiB |
|    0   N/A  N/A   2854007      C   python                           1092MiB |
|    0   N/A  N/A   3937597      C   ...3/envs/btc_env/bin/python     1164MiB |
|    0   N/A  N/A   4027652      C   ...3/envs/btc_env/bin/python      808MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

inxi -G:

Graphics:
  Device-1: Cirrus Logic GD 5446 driver: cirrus v: kernel
  Device-2: NVIDIA GV100GL [Tesla V100 SXM2 32GB] driver: nvidia v: 520.61.05
  Display: server: X.org v: 1.21.1.4 driver: gpu: cirrus note:  X driver n/a tty: 231x64
  Message: GL data unavailable in console. Try -G --display

:
    需要安装:
    sudo apt install inxi

sudo hwinfo –gfxcard:

18: PCI 09.0: 0302 3D controller
  [Created at pci.386]
  Unique ID: WL76.hcMmklvUUx9
  SysFS ID: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:09.0
  SysFS BusID: 0000:00:09.0
  Hardware Class: graphics card
  Model: "nVidia GV100GL [Tesla V100 SXM2 32GB]"
  Vendor: pci 0x10de "nVidia Corporation"
  Device: pci 0x1db5 "GV100GL [Tesla V100 SXM2 32GB]"
  SubVendor: pci 0x10de "nVidia Corporation"
  SubDevice: pci 0x1249
  Revision: 0xa1
  Driver: "nvidia"
  Driver Modules: "nvidia"
  Memory Range: 0xfd000000-0xfdffffff (rw,non-prefetchable)
  Memory Range: 0x1000000000-0x17ffffffff (ro,non-prefetchable)
  Memory Range: 0x1800000000-0x1801ffffff (ro,non-prefetchable)
  IRQ: 34 (2828758 events)
  Module Alias: "pci:v000010DEd00001DB5sv000010DEsd00001249bc03sc02i00"
  Driver Info #0:
    Driver Status: nvidiafb is not active
    Driver Activation Cmd: "modprobe nvidiafb"
  Driver Info #1:
    Driver Status: nouveau is not active
    Driver Activation Cmd: "modprobe nouveau"
  Driver Info #2:
    Driver Status: nvidia_drm is active
    Driver Activation Cmd: "modprobe nvidia_drm"
  Driver Info #3:
    Driver Status: nvidia is active
    Driver Activation Cmd: "modprobe nvidia"
  Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown

19: PCI 02.0: 0300 VGA compatible controller (VGA)
  [Created at pci.386]
  Unique ID: _Znp.v67VofT6db4
  SysFS ID: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0
  SysFS BusID: 0000:00:02.0
  Hardware Class: graphics card
  Model: "Red Hat QEMU Virtual Machine"
  Vendor: pci 0x1013 "Cirrus Logic"
  Device: pci 0x00b8 "GD 5446"
  SubVendor: pci 0x1af4 "Red Hat, Inc."
  SubDevice: pci 0x1100 "QEMU Virtual Machine"
  Driver: "cirrus"
  Driver Modules: "cirrus"
  Memory Range: 0xfa000000-0xfbffffff (ro,non-prefetchable)
  Memory Range: 0xfe424000-0xfe424fff (rw,non-prefetchable)
  Memory Range: 0x000c0000-0x000dffff (rw,non-prefetchable,disabled)
  Module Alias: "pci:v00001013d000000B8sv00001AF4sd00001100bc03sc00i00"
  Driver Info #0:
    XFree86 v4 Server Module: cirrus
  Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown

Primary display adapter: #19

注:需要安装
sudo apt install hwinfo

禁用Nouveau的驱动

在/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf最后添加如下代码:(用来禁用nouveau第三方驱动):

blacklist nouveau
options nouveau modeset=0

执行:

$ update-initramfs -u

重启后,执行以下代码,若没有显示则禁用成功:

$ lsmod | grep nouveau

检测NVIDIA显卡型号

方法一:使用ubuntu-drivers-common这个软件`:

$ apt install ubuntu-drivers-common
$ ubuntu-drivers devices
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.1/0000:01:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00002560sv000017AAsd00003A80bc03sc00i00
vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
model    : GA106M [GeForce RTX 3060 Mobile / Max-Q]
driver   : nvidia-driver-530 - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-525-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-515-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-525-open - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-530-open - distro non-free recommended
driver   : nvidia-driver-515 - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-515-open - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-525 - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-510 - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-470-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-470 - distro non-free
driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin

方法二:

$ sudo lshw -numeric -C display
  *-display UNCLAIMED
       description: VGA compatible controller
       product: GA106M [GeForce RTX 3060 Mobile / Max-Q] [10DE:2560]
       vendor: NVIDIA Corporation [10DE]
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
       version: a1
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vga_controller cap_list
       configuration: latency=0
       resources: iomemory:fa0-f9f iomemory:fc0-fbf memory:d0000000-d0ffffff memory:fa00000000-fbffffffff memory:fc00000000-fc01ffffff ioport:2000(size=128) memory:d1080000-d10fffff
  *-graphics
       product: EFI VGA
       physical id: 2
       logical name: /dev/fb0
       capabilities: fb
       configuration: depth=32 resolution=2560,1600

方法三:

$ lspci -vnn | grep VGA
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation GA106M [GeForce RTX 3060 Mobile / Max-Q] [10de:2560] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])

驱动安装方法

卸载驱动:

$ sudo apt-get remove --purge nvidia*

更新:

$ sudo apt update

查看并安全驱动:

$ sudo ubuntu-drivers devices
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.1/0000:01:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00002560sv000017AAsd00003A80bc03sc00i00
vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
model    : GA106M [GeForce RTX 3060 Mobile / Max-Q]
driver   : nvidia-driver-525 - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-470-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-530-open - distro non-free recommended
driver   : nvidia-driver-525-open - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-510 - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-525-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-515 - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-470 - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-530 - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-515-open - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-515-server - distro non-free
driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin

安装某个驱动:

$ sudo apt install nvidia-driver-530

备注

要记得重启

重启后看看你们的驱动是否装好:

$> nvidia-smi
Mon Apr 24 23:50:19 2023
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 530.41.03              Driver Version: 530.41.03    CUDA Version: 12.1     |
|-----------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name                  Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf            Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                                         |                      |               MIG M. |
|=========================================+======================+======================|
|   0  NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 L...    Off| 00000000:01:00.0  On |                  N/A |
| N/A   43C    P5               12W /  N/A|    264MiB /  6144MiB |      2%      Default |
|                                         |                      |                  N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                            |
|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                            GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                             Usage      |
|=======================================================================================|
|    0   N/A  N/A      1887      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                          136MiB |
|    0   N/A  N/A      2121      G   /usr/bin/gnome-shell                        125MiB |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

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