# 实践：如何打包你的Python项目并分发到TestPyPI

## 说明

- 测试项目，纯为了演示如何打包并分发，所以没有使用正式的 [PyPI](https://pypi.org/)，使用了测试专用的 [TestPyPI](https://test.pypi.org/)
- 最近一直在看、在写Python项目，就想着是否可以把一些通用的、业务无关的东西放到 PyPI 上，方便调用


## 注册 TestPyPI PyPI会员

- 分别注册 [PyPI](https://pypi.org/) 和 [TestPyPI](https://test.pypi.org/) 会员
- 在对应网站([TestPyPI](https://test.pypi.org/search/?q=zwgpackage) 或 [TestPyPI](https://pypi.org/search/?q=zwgpackage))上查询未被人注册的 Package(我这儿用的是`zwgpackage`)
- 注册后，启动 `2FA`后生成`API tokens`(这个以pypi-开头的字符串就是下面要用的password)
- 创建或编辑 .pypirc 文件
```
[distutils]
index-servers =
    pypi
    testpypi

[pypi]
username = __token__
password = pypi-<your-pypi-token>

[testpypi]
repository = https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
username = __token__
password = pypi-<your-testpypi-token>
```


## 模拟一个要分发的项目

创建项目结构:

```shell
mkdir zwg_project && cd zwg_project
touch setup.py
touch README.md
mkdir zwgpackage
touch zwgpackage/__init__.py
touch zwgpackage/greetings.py
```

编写代码:.gitignore:

```shell
tee .gitignore <<-'EOF'
zwgpackage.egg-info
build
dist
EOF
```

编写代码:zwgpackage/greetings.py:

```shell
tee zwgpackage/greetings.py <<-'EOF'
def say_hello(name):
    return f"Hello, {name}!"
EOF
```


编写代码:zwgpackage/__init__.py:

```shell
tee zwgpackage/__init__.py <<-'EOF'
from .greetings import say_hello
EOF
```

编写安装脚本:
```python
tee setup.py <<-'EOF'
from setuptools import setup, find_packages

setup(
    name='zwgpackage',
    version='0.1',
    packages=find_packages(),
    install_requires=[
        # 任何依赖项可以在这里列出
    ],
    author='Your Name',
    author_email='your.email@example.com',
    description='A simple greetings plugin',
    long_description=open('README.md').read(),
    long_description_content_type='text/markdown',
)
EOF
```

文档:

```shell
tee README.md <<-'EOF'
# zwgpackage

This is a simple greeting package.

## Installation

You can install `zwgpackage` by running:
pip install zwgpackage


## Usage

To use this package:

"""
from zwgpackage import say_hello
print(say_hello("World"))
"""
EOF
```

## 打包&分发

测试你的插件:
```shell
pip install .
# 安装后使用Readme里面Usage的方法测试
```

打包：
```shell
python setup.py sdist
```

分发：
```shell
twine upload --repository testpypi dist/*
# 注：你可能需要先安装twine: pip install twine
```
分发-自己的仓库
```shell
# 指定repo url
twine upload --repository-url http://10.140.13.16:9081/repository/ dist/*
```
成功日志
```
twine upload --repository testpypi dist/*
Uploading distributions to https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
Uploading zwgpackage-0.1.tar.gz
100% ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 4.1/4.1 kB • 00:00 • ?
View at:
https://test.pypi.org/project/zwgpackage/0.1/
```

## 最后成果

- 参见：https://test.pypi.org/project/zwgpackage/0.1/
- 安装
```shell
pip install -i https://test.pypi.org/simple/ zwgpackage==0.1
```
- 使用自己的仓库
```
pip install zwgpackage==0.1.0 -i http://10.140.13.16:9081/repository/pypi/
```
- 使用
```python
from zwgpackage import say_hello
print(say_hello("World"))
```

## 常见问题


### twine upload 报 403

执行 twine upload 命令:
```
➜ twine upload --repository testpypi dist/*
Uploading distributions to https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
Uploading my_package-0.1.tar.gz
100% ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 4.1/4.1 kB • 00:03 • ?
WARNING  Error during upload. Retry with the --verbose option for more details.
ERROR    HTTPError: 403 Forbidden from https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
         The user 'zhaoweiguo' isn't allowed to upload to project 'my_package'. See https://test.pypi.org/help/#project-name for more information.
```

这个可能的原因:
```
1. `my_package` 这个Package 已经被人用了，你没有权限使用了
2. 你没有好配置 ~/.pypirc，记得 username = __token__
```