基本¶

静态文件处理¶

images 路径下的所有请求可以写为:
location ~ ^/images/ {
    root /opt/webapp/images;
}
几种文件类型的请求处理方式:
location ~ \.(htm|html|gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|ico|css|js|txt)$ {
    root /opt/webapp;
    expires 24h;
}
expires 指令可以控制 HTTP 应答中的“ Expires ”和“ Cache-Control ”的头标（起到控制页面缓存的作用）。您可以使用例如以下的格式来书写 Expires:
expires 1 January, 1970, 00:00:01 GMT;
expires 60s;
expires 30m;
expires 24h;
expires 1d;
expires max;
expires off;

动态页面请求处理¶

反向代理将请求发送到后端的服务器:

location / {
   proxy_pass        http://localhost:8080;
   proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;
}

Nginx 通过 upstream 指令来定义一个服务器的集群，最前面那个完整的例子中我们定义了一个名为 tomcats 的集群，这个集群中包括了三台服务器共 6 个 Tomcat 服务。而 proxy_pass 指令的写法变成了:
```
location / {
    proxy_pass        http://tomcats;
    proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;
}
```

php-fpm实例:

server {
    listen      80;
    server_name bbs.programfan.info;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /var/www/bbs.programfan.info;

    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        include fcgi.conf;
    }

    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ {
        expires 30d;
    }

    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ {
        expires 1h;
    }

    log_format bbs '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local]"$request" '
              '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_refer" '
              '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'
    access_log /etc/nginx/log/bbs.log bbs;
}

fcgi.conf:

fastcgi_param   GATEWAY_INTERFACE   CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param   SERVER_SOFTWARE     nginx;

fastcgi_param   QUERY_STRING        $query_string;
fastcgi_param   REQUEST_METHOD      $request_method;
fastcgi_param   CONTENT_TYPE        $content_type;
fastcgi_param   CONTENT_LENGTH      $content_length;

fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME     $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_NAME     $fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param   REQUEST_URI     $request_uri;
fastcgi_param   DOCUMENT_URI        $document_uri;
fastcgi_param   DOCUMENT_ROOT       $document_root;
fastcgi_param   SERVER_PROTOCOL     $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param   REMOTE_ADDR     $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param   REMOTE_PORT     $remote_port;
fastcgi_param   SERVER_ADDR     $server_addr;
fastcgi_param   SERVER_PORT     $server_port;
fastcgi_param   SERVER_NAME     $server_name;

fastcgi_param   REDIRECT_STATUS     200;